Enterprise Architecture Practitioners Guide (Extended)

Outline

Chapter 1 - Introduction

• Introductions
• Course Outline
• Handouts & Appendices
• Practical Application: Building Skills
• Practical Application: Filling Your Toolbox
• Course Evaluation & Questions
• Course Delivery Overview

Chapter 2 - Enterprise Architecture (EA) Primer

• Architecture
• Architects
• Enterprise Architecture Definitions
• IEEE, TOGAF, & MIT Perspectives
• Group Discussion: Expectations of EA
• Enterprise Architecture Defined
• Architecture Framework: Foundation for a Common Vocabulary
• Industry EA Frameworks
• Dimensions of Architecture Scope
• Group Discussion: EA Partitioning
• Architecture Domains
• Depth: Strategic, Segment, and Capability Architectures
• Example: DOE Segment Identification
• Example: Segment Architecture
• Time: Baseline, Target, and Transition Architectures
• Various Solution Architecture Definitions
• Group Discussion: Solution Architecture
• Characteristics of a Solution Architecture
• Example Solution Architecture: SOA for Insurance
• Example Solution Architecture: Customer Contact Center
• Glossary
• Summary

Chapter 3 - EA Framework

• The Importance of a Framework for EA
• EA Framework Family Tree
• Group Discussion: Architecture Frameworks
• TOGAF
• TOGAF Components
• Architecture Development Method (ADM)
• Architecture Content Framework
• Views & Viewpoints
• TOGAF Viewpoints
• Catalogs, Matrices, Diagrams & Viewpoints
• Architecture Deliverables
• Group Discussion: Deliverables & Artifacts
• ADM Techniques
• ADM Guidelines
• Enterprise to Solution Architecture
• Example: Architecture Roadmap
• Zachman Framework
• Zachman Framework Matrix Overview
• TOGAF Artifacts Using the Zachman Framework
• Leveraging the Zachman Framework
• Federal Enterprise Architectural Framework (FEAF)
• Leveraging FEA
• Technique: Classified Technology Portfolio
• DoDAF / MODAF
• TRAK
• Leveraging DoDAF, MoDAF, & TRAK
• All Frameworks Have Strengths & Weaknesses
• Which Framework Should I Use?
• Summary

Chapter 4 - EA Value Proposition

• Without Architecture You Can't
• Factors Driving EA Adoption
• Accelerated Rate of Change
• EA Facilitates Change Across Units
• Greater Information Density
• Customers Expect Personalized Goods
• Traditional Industry Barriers are Disintegrating
• Impact of Diversification & Acquisitions
• Shared Resources Across Business Units
• Business Demand for Technology Continues to Grow
• Tight IT Budgets Will Persist
• Primary Drivers for EA Programs
• Summary of EA Benefits
• Digitized Platform: The Key to Agility
• Group Discussion: Benefits
• Value of EA Activities: Baseline Architecture
• Value of EA Activities: Target Architecture
• Value of EA Activities: Architecture Review
• Value of EA Activities: Governance
• Group Discussion: Obstacles
• Summary

Chapter 5 - Reference Architecture

• Reference Architecture
• Reference Architecture Components
• Reference Architecture Summarized
• Reference Architecture Context
• Architecture Principles
• Components of Principles
• Qualities of a Good Set of Principles
• EA Principles: Creation Process
• Templates: Principle & Principle Catalog
• Example: Architecture Principles
• Group Discussion: Principles
• Applying Architecture Principles
• Policies
• Template: Policy
• Example: Governance Policies
• Example: SOA Policy
• Example: Policies
• Reference Models
• Example: IBM Business Analytics & Optimization Reference Architecture
• Example: IBM Insurance Application Architecture
• Example: SOA Reference Architecture
• Example:Customer Experience Reference Architecture
• Business Scenarios
• Business Scenario Summary
• Business Scenario Outline
• Template & Example: Business Scenario
• Practices: Standards & Guidelines
• Example: Interoperability Standards
• Example: Insurance Reporting Reference Architecture
• Example: Electronic Product Code™ (EPC) Standards
• Example: Health Care Reference Architecture
• Resource: Financial Industry Organizations
• Resource: Health Industry Organizations
• Resource: Retail Industry Organizations
• Resource: Technical Organizations
• Industry Organizations
• Insurance Industry Standards ROI
• Requirements
• Example: Mobile Security Reference Architecture
• Example: MSRA Requirements
• Architecture Building Blocks: Reusable Requirement Sets
• Resource: NIST Security Requirements
• Example: COTS Standard Requirements Set
• Summary

Chapter 6 - Defining an Architecture Vision

• Architecture Vision
• Context Diagram
• Define The System Boundaries
• Stakeholder Matrix
• Stakeholder Map
• Example: Stakeholder Map
• Template: TOGAF Stakeholder Map Matrix
• Value Chain Diagram
• Example: Retail Vision Diagram
• Example: Customer Interaction Concept Diagram
• Example: Solution Concept Diagram
• Examples: TOGAF Vision Diagrams
• Template: Architecture Vision Deliverable
• Summary

Chapter 7 - Enterprise Architecture Baseline

• Importance of an Architecture Baseline
• Architecture Baseline Process Overview
• What are Your EA Baseline Objectives?
• Group Discussion: EA Baseline Goals & Objectives
• A Typical Place to Start
• Core Catalogs
• Core Matrices
• Templates: Baseline Collection Templates
• Creating Building Blocks from a Baseline
• What Can You Learn From Your Baseline
• Customized Taxonomy
• Baseline More Than Software
• Baseline Classified by Lifecycle
• Baseline Relationships
• Relationship Types
• Baseline Reporting
• EA Baseline Best Practices
• Summary

Chapter 8 - Architecture Requirements

• Architecture Quality Attributes
• Quality of Service Requirement Categories
• Checklist: Quality Attribute (QA) Categories
• Trade-off Analysis
• Group Discussion: Trade-offs
• Technique: Requirement Patterns
• Tool: Non-Functional Requirement Patterns
• Checklist: Requirement Statement Best Practices
• Technique: Architecture Change Cases
• Template: Elements of a Change Case
• Example: Change Case
• Eliciting Change Cases
• Group Discussion: Change Case
• Summary

Chapter 9 - Business Architecture

• Business Architecture Entities
• Business Views
• Business Catalogs
• Templates: TOGAF Business Catalogs
• Example: Medicaid Business Process
• Example: Service Function Catalog
• Example: Location Catalog
• Example: Role Catalog Structure
• Example: SOA Role Catalog (Excerpt)
• Example: Requirements Catalog
• Business Matrices
• Example: DOE Business Matrix
• Templates: TOGAF Business Matrices
• Example: Role Location Matrix
• Business Diagrams
• Example: Business Footprint Diagram
• Example: Business Service / Information Diagram
• Example: Medicaid Business Process Model
• Example: HL7 EHR Functional Model
• Example: Business Footprint Diagram
• Example: Process Flow Diagram
• Examples: TOGAF Business Diagrams
• Resource: Business Analysis Book of Knowledge (BABOK)
• Resource: Business Architecture Body of Knowledge (BIZBOK™)
• Summary

Chapter 10 - Data Architecture

• Data Architecture Entities
• Data Catalogs
• Templates: Data Catalog
• Example: Data Catalog
• Data Matrices
• Template: Data Matrices
• Data Diagrams
• Example: Property & Casualty Conceptual Data Model
• Example: Data Lifecycle Diagram
• Example: Data Dissemination Diagram
• Example: Data Migration Diagram
• Example: Alternative Data Migration Table
• Example: Data Security Diagram
• Example: Alternative Data Security Table
• DAMA DMBOK
• Samples: Data Diagrams
• Summary

Chapter 11 - Application Architecture

• Application Architecture Entities
• Application Catalogs
• Template: Applications Portfolio Catalog
• Example: Application Catalog
• Application Matrices
• Templates: Application Matrices
• Example: Application Matrix
• Application Diagrams
• Example: Application Communication Diagram
• Example: Application & User Location Diagram
• Example: Insurance Industry System Model
• Example: Claim Download Process
• Example: TOGAF Application Diagram Samples
• Summary

Chapter 12 - Technology Architecture

• Technology Architecture Entities
• Technology Catalogs
• Templates: TOGAF Technology Catalog Templates
• Example: Technology Catalog
• Technology Matrices
• Lifecycle Classification
• Example: Technology by TRM & Lifecycle
• Technology Diagrams
• Example: Environments & Locations Diagram
• Example: Platform Decomposition Diagram
• Example: ED High-Level Network Architecture
• Samples: TOGAF Technology Diagrams
• Summary

Chapter 13 - Architecture Deliverables

• Documentation Best Practices
• Architecture Requirements Document
• Template: Requirements Specification
• IEEE Architectural Description Document
• Template: Architectural Description Document
• TOGAF Architecture Definition Document
• Templates: Architectural Definition Document
• Group Discussion: Architecture Definition Documents
• Interface Specifications
• Interface Specification Best Practices
• Interface Design Document
• Template: Interface Design Document
• Database Design Document
• Template: Database Design Document
• Platform Design Document
• Template: Platform Design Document
• Architecture Decision Document
• Template: Architecture Decision Document
• Verbal Supports: CREST
• Group Discussion: Presentations
• Summary

Chapter 14 - Architecture Gap Analysis, Roadmap & Migration Planning

• Putting the Pieces Together
• Gap Analysis
• Gap Analysis Matrix
• Example: DOE Gap Analysis
• Consolidated Gaps, Solutions, and Dependencies Matrix
• Architecture Roadmap Table
• Transition Architectures in Context
• Architecture Roadmap
• General Roadmap Methodology
• Defining Work Packages
• Roadmap Development Strategies
• Example: High-Level Architecture Roadmap
• Example: Pharmacy Standards Roadmap
• Example: SOA Roadmap
• Example: Business Intelligence Roadmap
• Template: Architecture Roadmap
• Migration Planning
• Business Value Assessment Technique
• Example:Transition Milestone Table
• Example: EPA Transition Plan
• Template: TOGAF Implementation & Migration Plan Template
• Process Summary
• Summary

Chapter 15 - Patterns

• What are Patterns?
• Elements of a Pattern
• Pattern Levels
• Pattern Types
• How to Start Using Patterns?
• Common Architectural Patterns
• Layers Pattern
• Example: Retail Layered Architecture
• Object-Oriented Design Patterns
• OO Design Patterns
• Structural Design Pattern: Facade Pattern Example
• Enterprise Integration Patterns
• Messaging Systems: Overview
• Example Pattern: Pipes and Filters
• Example: Monitoring Credit Bureau
• EAA Patterns
• Model-View-Controller (MVC) Pattern
• SOA Patterns
• Example: Saga Pattern
• Business Process Patterns
• Example: Synchronizing Merge Pattern
• Configuration Management Patterns
• New Patterns Continue to Emerge
• Group Discussion: Patterns
• Summary

Chapter 16 - Architecture Tactics

• Tactics
• Availability Tactics
• Modifiability Tactics
• Performance Tactics
• Security Tactics
• Testability Tactics
• Usability Tactics
• Approach for Describing Tactics
• Group Discussion: Tactics
• Pipes & Filters: Tactics
• Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): Tactics
• Architectural Patterns and Corresponding Tactics for Modifiability
• Summary

Chapter 17 - Architecture Techniques

• Progressive Filtering
• Rubric
• Example: Service Design Rubric
• Example: Architecture Rubric
• Refactoring
• Think About the Future, But Wait to Act
• Feature Tree
• Decision Tables
• Decision Table Example
• Flowcharts
• Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) Analysis
• Example: SWOT Layout
• SWOT Steps
• Summary

Chapter 18 - Packaged Software and SaaS

• Alternatives to Custom Development and Hosting
• Open Source Software
• Frameworks
• Cloud Computing
• Integration of Mixed Solutions
• Implications for Architecture
• Packaged Software Advantages & Disadvantages
• SaaS Advantages and Disadvantages
• Open Source Advantages and Disadvantages
• Integration Strategies
• The API Economy
• COTS Implication: Accept Design Influence
• COTS Implication: Plan for Stability
• COTS Implication: Sustain Competency
• COTS Implication: Vendor Lock-In
• COTS Implication: Balance Business Needs & Architecture
• COTS Inherent Risks
• COTS Risk Management Strategy #1
• COTS Risk Management Strategy #2
• COTS Risk Management Strategy #3
• Group Discussion: COTS
• Typical COTS Architecture
• Summary

Chapter 19 - Enterprise Architecture (EA) Program

• Enterprise Architecture Scope of Work
• EA as an Enterprise Asset
• Assess Maturity
• Working with Maturity Models
• Tool: EA Maturity Assessment
• EA Transformation Process
• Establish Organizational Model
• Skills Framework
• Roles
• EA Skills
• Depth of Knowledge
• Generic Skills Matrix
• Business Skills Matrix
• EA Skills Matrix
• Program/Project Skills Matrix
• Apply Project Management Best Practices
• Communications is Very Important!
• Communications Vehicles
• EA Implementation
• EA Maintenance
• EA Action Items to Achieve Your Goals
• Top 10 Leadership Principles of EA
• Summary

Chapter 20 - EA Governance

• What is Governance?
• IT Governance Methodologies
• Characteristics of Governance
• Measures to Govern Enterprise Architecture
• Reference: Weill & Ross Framework
• IT Decision Domains
• Group Discussion
• IT Governance Archetypes
• Template: Decision Domains & Governance Archetypes Matrix
• Implementation Mechanisms
• Example: IT Governance at UPS
• Example: IT Governance at Dupont
• Most Common Governance Patterns
• Top 3 Performing Patterns
• Process: Creating an Effective IT Governance
• COBIT
• Example: Governance Structure
• Example: Governance Process Flow
• Example: Integrating Governance into the Organization
• Governance Best Practices
• Governance With Little Standards or Target
• More Governance Lessons Learned
• Summary

Chapter 21 - The EA Toolbox

• The Architecture Toolbox
• The EA Toolbox
• TOGAF Toolbox Items
• Supplementing TOGAF Toolbox Items
• Practitioner Toolbox Items
• Summary

Chapter 22 - EA Lessons Learned

• Key EA Lessons Learned
• EA Success Factors: People Skills
• Group Discussion: Lessons Learned
• EA Anti-Patterns
• Anti-Pattern: 30,000 Feet & Climbing
• Anti-Pattern: Bleeding Edge
• Anti-Pattern: Buzzword-Driven Architecture
• Anti-Pattern: Detailed Enterprise Model
• Anti-Pattern: Goldplating
• Anti-Pattern: Modeling for Modeling's Sake
• Anti-Pattern: One Truth Above All Else
• Anti-Pattern: Real-world Disconnect
• Anti-Pattern: Strive for Perfection
• Anti-Pattern: Stuck in the Weeds
• Anti-Pattern: Technology Above All
• Anti-Pattern: Tomorrow Suffers from Today
• Anti-Pattern: Ungrounded Future
• Anti-Pattern: Yesterday's Enterprise Model
• Summary

Handout 1 - Sample Principles

• Business Principles
• Data Principles
• Application Principles
• Technology Principles
• Governance Principles
• SOA Governance Principles

Handout 2 - System Profile Template

Handout 3 - Subsystem Profile Template

Handout 4 - Interface Profile Template

Handout 5 - Quality Attribute (QA)/Quality of Service (QoS) Categories

• Introduction
• Quality Attributes

Handout 6 - Requirement Patterns

Handout 7 - Requirement Statement Checklist

• Introduction
• Requirement Statement Review Checklist

Handout 8 - Rubric Worksheet

Handout 9 - Enterprise Architecture Maturity Scorecard

Appendix A - Reference Library

• Overview
• Industry Organizations
• References & Further Reading

Appendix B - Architecture Glossary

• ABC
• DEF
• GHI
• MNO
• PQR
• STU
• VWXYZ

Appendix C - TOGAF Glossary

• ABC
• DEF
• GHI
• MNO
• PQR
• STU
• VWXYZ

Appendix D - EA Catalogs, Matrices, & Diagrams

• Catalogs
• Matrices
• Diagrams

Appendix E - Business Process Modeling Notation

• Process Modeling Standards
• What is BPMN?
• Elements of a Process
• Basic Structure of a Process
• Using Subprocess
• The Start Event
• Normal End Events
• Abnormal End Events
• Intermediate Events
• Process State Management
• Process State Management (continued)
• Gateways
• Exclusive Condition
• Exclusive Condition Examples
• Inclusive Condition
• Parallel Execution
• Event Choice
• Merging Branches
• Merging Examples
• Looping with BMPN
• Looping Options
• More Examples
• Modeling Roles & Responsibilities
• Using Swim Lanes

Appendix F - Data Modeling Notation

• Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
• Cardinality
• One to One Relationship
• One to Many Relationship
• Many to Many Relationship
• Subtype Relationship

Appendix G - Pattern List

Appendix H - Building Modern Applications

• Next Generation Methodologies, Approaches, Tools, and Applications
• Web 2.0
• Rich Internet Client Applications
• Single Page Applications (SPA) with AngularJS
• Two-way Data Binding (the AngularJS Way)
• Other Client Side MV(C) Frameworks
• "Rich Client" - "Thin Server" Architecture
• Mobile Platforms
• Types of Mobile Applications
• Native Mobile Applications
• Mobile Web Applications
• Hybrid Mobile Applications
• Hybrid App Tools and Frameworks
• RIA as a Driving Force to Turn the "Thin Server" into Microservice(s)
• So, How Can Microservices Help Me?
• The Data Exchange Interoperability Consideration
• Microservices in Their Purest Form: AWS Lambdas
• The Microservices Architecture Design Principles
• Decentralized Processing
• Crossing Process Boundary is Expensive!
• Managing Microservices
• Traditional Enterprise Application Architecture (Simplified)
• Microservices Architecture Example (Simplified)
• Design for Failure
• Fault Injection During System Testing
• Architecting in the Cloud
• The Building Blocks of a Fault-tolerant Application on AWS
• Dev and Ops Views
• What is DevOps?
• More DevOps Definitions
• DevOps and Software Delivery Life Cycle
• Main DevOps Objectives
• The Term "DevOps" is Evolving!
• Infrastructure as Code
• Prerequisites for DevOps Success
• Alignment with Business Needs
• Collaborative Development
• Continuous Testing and Integration
• Continuous Release and Deployment
• Continuous Application Monitoring
• Standing Up DevOps
• Select DevOps Techniques and Practices
• Containerization and Virtualization
• Machine Images On Demand
• Virtualization
• Hypervisors
• Docker Containers
• Docker Containers vs Traditional Virtualization
• Docker as Platform-as-a-Service
• Docker Integration
• Docker Application Container Public Repository
• Kubernetes
• Other Containerization Systems
• Where to Use Virtualization and Containerization
• Summary